Origin Of Species :: essays research papers

Considered one of the most significant, influential, and controversial publications in history, this book, I felt would be interesting to read and learn from. Although his content in this particular book is the subject of much controversy, Darwin's proffesional contributions and accomplishments will remain well known and respected. Therefore, I selected The Origin of Species believing that it would prove to be a stimulating and challenging reading experience. This famous book discusses in-depth many important aspects of the study of life. Darwin analyzes various issues including: creation, spontaneous generation, adaptaion, laws of organism variation, hybridism, and natural selection, all integral subjects in the science of biology. As I read this book, the magnitude of its importance became clear, and I learned a wealth of scientific information from the text that includes: geological succesion, morphology, and species variation. The convincing arguments and coherent evidence inhere nt in this great work induced subject retention and serious consideration of the topics that were comprehensively discussed. The theme of the nature of life (most importantly that of man) in The Origin of Species is still a subject of tremendous and continuing debate. Also, this important topic is related to a variety of current science events such as environentally concious efforts across the globe, the philosophy and science of "the survival of the fittest," and the popular studies of creation and evolution. I feel that this book is important to read because it is a publication which brilliantly discusses interesting and significant information, is often reffered to in scientific conversation and study, and defines perhaps the greatest debate of the Western World. Charles Darwin's engaging and pioneering analysis of flora and fauna calls into question the long-held and once widely accepted concepts of divine creation, spontaneous generation, and the unrelatedness of many species. Displaying original reasoning, he distinctly and defiantly challenges many ancient beliefs and makes an argument

How Are the 5 Principles of Politics Manifested?

How are the 5 Principles of Politics manifested in the documentary Last Man Standing: Politics, Texas Style? The documentary: ‘Last Man Standing: Politics, Texas Style’ tells the story of two sets of elections in Texas in the year of 2002. The main election shown is the race for State Representative, between the incumbent, Rick Green and his opponent, Patrick Rose. As well as this, the election for state Governor between Perry and Sanchez is also shown.Throughout the film, the five principles of politics: The History Principle, The Rationality Principle, The Institution Principle, The Collective-Action Principle and The Policy Principle, manifest themselves in many different ways. The first aspect of The 5 Principles is The History Principle. This principle is concerned with how everything to do with politics got to be like it is today. This includes: Why institutions are the way they are, why certain groups of voters choose to vote for certain candidates and how past ev ents can affect politics and elections particularly. This principle is demonstrated very clearly in the documentary.Firstly, Texas was historically a democratic state but this has changed in recent times and it is clear that in recent history, republicans have a better record in elections in Texas. The documentary explains that during the ‘technological boom’ in Austin, a lot of new voters moved into this area and into Texas in general. The people were predominantly white but the minority groups were also growing which meant that Texas good very easily swing towards the democrat or republican side. One political commentator in the documentary said when talking about voters in Texas, ‘They go out there, find a Republican and they vote for them’.This shows that at the time of the election this election, the Republican Party were favorites and so therefore was Rick Greene. In this particular case, of the Republican rise, it is clear that religion and more spec ifically the activity of churches has also had a significant impact on this rise and therefore on the shaping of politics. Furthermore, in the other election followed by the documentary, Tony Sanchez, a Hispanic man, was running. We learn that it was going to be very difficult for Sanchez to win votes because historically, Hispanic politicians have found it very difficult to do so in Texas.These points also show that historical activity in an area, in this case Texas, can influence politics. Perhaps the most significant way that the History Principle manifests itself in the documentary is through the accusations towards Rick Green that arose one month before the Election Day. He was accused by media of having worked for a supplement business and this was seen as unethical activity by the much of the public of Texas and this indeed showed in the results of the election. This story shows that past events can influence and effect the decision of voters and is a clear demonstration of t he History Principle.The second principle is The Rationality Principle. This principle explains that all political behavior has a purpose. This behavior can range from a simple conversation between friends about the current political situation to The President of the USA making political speeches but it always has a reason and a purpose. In the documentary, this principle is highlighted in several ways. The political behavior of voters is demonstrated when they are interviewed and asked who they are going to vote for.Some voters were very blunt in saying that they were going to vote Republican, simply because they believed that Texas should be a Republican state and that is what they had always voted Republican. On two occasions, voters implied that they were planning to vote for Patrick Rose simply because of his looks. These two examples show how different factors can influence the political behavior of voters. Furthermore, the behavior of the politicians themselves is shown throu ghout the documentary because most of everything that the politicians do is politically orientated.Firstly, it is clear that throughout their campaigns, both Green and Rose talk negatively about each other. When planning and giving their political speeches they attempt to take negative aspects of each other and present these to the voters to try to better their own chance in the election. An example of this was when Rose was talking to voters and explained to them that the other candidate, Green was not from Texas where as he was, clearly an attempt to down his opponent.Another clear example of this was when Rose attempted to take advantage of the stories that came out about Green by going to the newspaper for support and producing a television commercial. Exactly the same technique was used by Perry towards Sanchez in the race for state Governor, again an attempt to down his opponent by releasing the story. This is the first significant aspect of behavior shown by both politicians. Other aspects of politician behavior were shown throughout the documentary including: constantly expressing their own views, visiting households to talk to voters. All of hese factors explain the fact that the politicians have a clear reason behind their behavior, whether it is attempting to down their opponent or talking about themselves, the majority of their behavior is concerned with simply winning votes, which is called electoral connection. The third principle is the Collective Action Principle. This is the idea that all politics is collective action. In theory, political leaders should act on behalf of voters and act as a voice. However conflict is always likely due to self-interest of the politician as well as the activity of bargaining between politicians and political parties.This principle is shown in the documentary. Firstly, both politicians engage a lot with voters and one reason that they do this is to try to understand what the voters want from their representative. This demonstrates the theory that politics is collective action and that agendas set by politicians can be a direct result of the opinions and demands of the voters. However, the ideology that political leaders should echo their voters is not realistic and conflict between the voter’s opinion and the individual needs of the politician can be seen throughout the documentary.Often during the campaign, both Green and Rose made public speeches in which they would mention their plans or agendas if they were to be elected. These statements were often met with applause or cheering from the audience and this shows that that the politician may in fact be saying these things to simply please that particular group and therefore win votes, meeting his individual needs and not necessarily the needs of the other voters.The fourth Principle is the Institution Principle which explains the rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior, thereby shaping politics. These in stitutions provide authority for politicians and also highlight the areas in which they can govern this authority. This principle is mainly concerned with the rules and procedures for Politicians once they are in office and active so it does not arise a lot. However, the rules of this particular election were illustrated during the documentary.Although the politicians are able to use almost any technique they want to win votes and minimize votes for their opponent, there were some procedures that had to be followed. During debated between the politicians and the final debate before the election between Green and Rose particularly, there was a concise structure to be followed through giving speaking and then answering questions. Another way in which this principle is apparent in the documentary is during the final Election Day when the political parties are shown counting the votes from different areas in the state.The aspect of delegation within political parties is also one that is mainly seen after elections, but is shown in minor ways during the election campaign. We see that politicians would delegate responsibility in the campaign to other individuals to within their party. The final principle is the Policy Principle. This explains that political outcomes are the products of individual preferences and institutional procedures. Again, this principle is demonstrated mainly after the elections and during the time when the politicians are actually in office.This would be demonstrated when agendas are produced by the politicians, whether these agendas are as a result of the individual preferences of the voters or of the politicians themselves. The History Principle, the Rationality Principle, and Collective action principle are illustrated in several ways throughout the documentary. On the other hand, both the Institution Principle and the Policy Principle are not highlighted as much by the documentary, simply because these principles become more apparent afte r the elections and during the politicians actual reign in Government.

The Ongoing Debate Of Abortion - 1839 Words

Sarah Geatley Professor Greg Littmann Reasoning and Argumentation 3 December 2014 The Ongoing Debate of Abortion For over two centuries abortion has been one of the most controversial topics debated. Depending on how you view a fetus or when conception really begins, people’s views differ on whether it should be legal or illegal. Through this paper, both sides of the argument will be reviewed in attempt to prove that facts stand stronger in the view that abortion should be illegal. Finding support for arguments defending both sides has helped prove the stronger debate; abortion should be illegal. Firstly, it is necessary to dissect and evaluate arguments on the opposing perspective. The Supreme Court’s Roe vs Wade decision on Jan. 22, 1973, made abortion a constitutional right for women. It stated that the decision of whether a woman wants to terminate her pregnancy or not is a constitutional right to privacy. Before the Roe vs. Wade decision, throughout many states in the United States, abortion was only used when a person’s life was in danger. Texas, where Jane Roe lived, could not provide her with a legal abortion because her life was not being threatened by the pregnancy. Jane realized she was unfit to care for a child and believed her rights as an American were being violated. â€Å"She claimed that the Texas statutes were unconstitutionally vague and that they abridged her right of personal privacy, protected by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and FourteenthShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Abortion771 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is one of the biggest controversial debates in society. Abortion is the termination of a human pregnancy. It can lead to many complications for a lot of people. It can also have long term effects emotionally on the mother, father, and family after the abortion is complete. It is very common today because many young women get pregnant at such a young age and believe that they are not capable of having a child. Abortion has always been a common debate usually based on beli efs of individualsRead MoreIs Abortion A Moral Thing?844 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the ongoing debate on whether abortion is a moral thing to do or not, it is often hard to come to a conclusion on which way of thinking is right or wrong or if any way of thinking is wrong to begin with. In the case of Immanuel Kant’s various arguments in the novel Ground for the metaphysics of morals, I believe that Kant would feel that it would be a morally permissible thing to do to abort a fetus, and I feel this way due to his opinions on the differences between a person andRead MoreAbortion Debate Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay is about the Abortion debates. I choose to write about this because of my personal views. The Abortion debate is one of the biggest debates in the United States. Many topics come up in the Abortion debates from both sides. I have 6 Points from both sides of the issue. The first point I would like to talk about is when is the fetus considered to be a human life? Pro-life thinks that life begins at conception, so abortion is akin to murder as it is to the act of taking a human life. NowRead MoreAbortion : A Common Medical Procedure979 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion remains a common medical procedure in today’s society, even though its rates have steadily dropped since 2000. Studies show that one in three women will have an abortion sometime in their life. There has been a constant religious and political debates between health care and abortion services. Many people believe they shouldn’t have to pay for their own abortion, just like they don’t have to pay for their birth control, doctor visits, or dental. This is an accusation that many pro-life peopleRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion1546 Words   |  7 Pagesmother.† Abortion is the way of ending pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it can survive out side the matrix, which can also allow women to choose whether they want to become a mother or not. However, people have developed the controversy about abortions. Abortion debate is an ongoing debate which has involved moral, legal, biological and religious status of the induced abortion. In this controversy, there are two groups emerged. The group of people who hold the opinion that abortion shouldRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?902 Words   |  4 PagesThere are two sides to every debate that is going on around the world. On major debate that has been ongoing for years is abortion. Many people do not understand the facts about abortion. What is abortion? Well, abortion is when a woman is pregnant and the woman decided she does not want to carry the baby anymore or does not want to have a child so she then aborts the baby which is also known as termination of pregnancy (BPAS). It goes without saying that a woman should do what she feels is rightRead MoreThe Gardens Of Democracy By Eric Liu And Nick Hanauer1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe political issues that democracy faces include issues on abortion, gun control, and economy. Abortion In democracy, there are several political issues that are discussed in the recent years. One of the political issues that Democratic Party talks about is the issue on abortion. The reason why I am talking about abortion is because abortion is an ongoing political issue that is discussed many times and the Democratic Party supports abortion. The Democratic Party strongly and fully supports the RoeRead MoreSocial Perspectives On Abortion And Abortion1291 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Perspectives on Abortion Angelica Haro California State University Fullerton Sociology 308, Fall 2015 Social Perspectives on Abortion Introduction The abortion question raises a number of issues that form the core of the abortion debate. Opponents and supporters of abortions have been battling over this particular problem for decades and still cannot come to an agreement. Being one of the most common and most controversial medical procedures, abortion tends to affect peopleRead MoreA Comprehensive Review Of The Civil Liberty Debate On Abortion.1500 Words   |  6 PagesA Comprehensive Review of the Civil Liberty Debate on Abortion Of all the issues plaguing the United States, currently and in the past, abortion rights have been one of the most passionately debated civil liberty issues. Edward Sidlow and Beth Henschen define civil liberties as â€Å"Individual rights protected by the Constitution against the powers of the government†(72). Some argue that women should be protected from the powers of government in terms of reproductive rights while others argue thatRead MoreEssay On Abortion1131 Words   |  5 Pageshas been many ongoing debates on the subject of abortion. One of the most impacting debates that started this controversy was â€Å"Roe vs Wade† in 1972 in which a case came from a Texas law that prohibited legal abortion except to save a woman’s life. From the case above many more cases arose in different states concerning the right of a woman on whether they should keep the baby or kill it. Consequently, there has been many laws in pasted history concerning the restriction of abortion or making simple

Origins of the Cornucopia in Greek Mythology

The cornucopia, literally horn of plenty, comes to the Thanksgiving table thanks to Greek mythology. The horn may have originally been that of a goat which the infant Zeus used to drink from. In the story of Zeus childhood, it is told that he was sent away to a cave for safekeeping to prevent his father Cronus from eating him. Sometimes it is said that he was nursed by a goat named Amalthea and sometimes that he was fostered by a nymph of the same name who fed him on goats milk. While an infant, Zeus did what other babies do -- cry. To cover up the noise and keep Cronus from finding out his wifes plot to protect her son, Amalthea asked the Kuretes or Korybantes to come to the cave in which Zeus was hidden and make lots of noise. Evolution of the Cornucopia There are various versions of the evolution of the cornucopia from a horn sitting on the head of the nurturing goat. One is that the goat tore it off herself to present it to Zeus; another that Zeus tore it off and gave it back to the Amalthea-goat promising her abundance; another, that it came from a river gods head. The cornucopia is most frequently associated with the goddess of the harvest, Demeter, but is also associated with other gods, including the aspect of the Underworld god that is the god of wealth, Pluto, since the horn symbolizes abundance.

Euthanasia Essay Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide

Background about Euthanasia in The Netherlands. Patients Rights Council. Patients Rights Council, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. This website address euthanasia, assisted suicide, advance directive, disability rights, pain control, and more. This article features background information on euthanasia and assisted suicide in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, for euthanasia or assisted suicide to be legal, â€Å"The patient must be experiencing unbearable pain†¦ must be conscious, The death request must be voluntary. The patient must have been given alternatives to euthanasia and time to consider these alternatives. There must be no other reasonable solutions to the problem. The patient’s death cannot inflict unnecessary suffering on others. There must be more than one person involved in the euthanasia decision. Only a doctor can euthanize a patient. Great care must be taken in actually making the death decision. (1)† This website also includes statistics and other facts based on euthanasia and assisted suicide in the Netherlands, and includes its sources. Biggs, Hazel. Euthanasia, Death with Dignity and the Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001. Google Books. Google. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. This book isn’t the most recent, being from 2001, but it still has important stances and arguments on euthanasia. It asks important questions and features answers through bills, laws, statistics, and quotes from reputable medical and legal sources. The main question this book gets across is whetherShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Essay3656 Words   |  15 PagesEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide Explanatory Essay â€Å"At least 36 terminally ill people died last year after taking lethal medication prescribed by doctors under the Washington State’s new physician assisted suicide law passed in 2009† (Caplin et all). This law makes euthanasia and assisted suicide an option for the terminally ill patient without the interjection from others. Due to the physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia law, terminally ill patients have been requesting physician-assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1755 Words   |  8 PagesIsabella Costa Simao Professor James Kershner English Composition I (ENL 101-02) April 23, 2015 Research Paper Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Death is always a sensitive subject to talk about. That we are all going to one day die is certain. What is unknown is the condition under which it is going to happen. The process of dying is never easy, neither for the individual that is on his or her last stage of live, nor for the family and friends that have to watch someone they love goingRead More Essay on Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide1175 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide    This paper will address some of the more popular points of interest involved with the euthanasia-assisted suicide discussion. There are less than a dozen questions which would come to mind in the case of the average individual who has a mild interest in this debate, and the following essay presents information which would satisfy that individuals curiosity on these points of common interest.    Euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal in theRead More Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesAssisted Suicide and Euthanasia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assisted suicide is one of the most controversial topics discussed among people every day. Everyone has his or her own opinion on this topic. This is a socially debated topic that above all else involves someone making a choice, whether it be to continue with life or give up hope and die. This should be a choice that they make themselves. However, In the United States, The land of the free, only one state has legalized assisted suicide. I am for assistedRead More Assisted Suicide Or Euthanasia Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages ASSISTED SUICIDE or euthanasia On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. As of April 1999, physicians-assisted suicide is illegal in all but a couple of states. Over thirty states have established laws prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those who don’t have statues, a number of them prohibit it through common law. In Michigan, Jack Kevorkian was initially charged with violating the state statue. HeRead More Euthanasia Essay: Assisted Suicide927 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚   In her paper entitled Euthanasia, Phillipa Foot notes that euthanasia should be thought of as inducing or otherwise opting for death for the sake of the one who is to die (MI, 8). In Moral Matters, Jan Narveson argues, successfully I think, that given moral grounds for suicide, voluntary euthanasia is morally acceptable (at least, in principle). Daniel Callahan, on the other hand, in his When Self-Determination Runs Amok, counters that the traditionalRead More Euthanasia Essay - Assisted Suicide1579 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide/Euthanasia      Ã‚   Remarkably, few have noticed that frail, elderly and terminally ill people oppose assisted suicide more than other Americans. The assisted-suicide agenda is moving forward chiefly with vocal support from the young, the able-bodied and the affluent, who may even think that their parents and grandparents share their enthusiasm. They are wrong.    Thus the assisted suicide agenda appears as a victory not for freedom, but for discrimination. At its heartRead MoreEssay on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia911 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted suicide brings a debate that involves professional, legal and ethical issues about the value of the liberty versus the value of life. However, before conceive an opinion about this topic is necessary know deeply its concept. Assisted suicide is known as the act of ending with the life of a terminal illness patients for end with their insupportable pain. Unlike euthanasia, the decision is not made by the doctor and their families, but by the patient. Therefore, doctors should be able to assistRead More Euthanasia Essay - Assisted Suicide and the Supreme Court1540 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide and the Supreme Court      Ã‚   After the nations highest court declared that U.S. citizens are not constitutionally guaranteed the right to a physician-assisted suicide, the movement has sort of lost its steam. Why do the Supreme Court Justices consider legalization dangerous? How did it win legislative approval in Oregon in the first place? What is the current trend in public opinion about this question? This essay will delve into these questions. After the U.S. Supreme CourtRead More Euthanasia Essay - Religious Views on Assisted Suicide1212 Words   |  5 PagesOfficial Religious Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay is dedicated to the expression of the various official views of religious bodies within our nation. Most major denominations are represented. These religions have long been the custodians of the truth, serving to check the erratic and unpredictable tendencies of political, judicial and social bodies which would have Americans killing off their elderly and handicapped.    The National Association of Evangelicals

Ethics and Deontology in Public Administration †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Deontology in Public Administration. Answer: Introduction: In the paragraph starting with the conflict illustrated, the difference between the two ethical system of utilitarianism and deontology is demonstrated. There is a given instance where a villain keeps ten people at gunpoint and gives the option that either one of the ten people can kill one from the group or he will kill all the ten. A utilitarian would come to a conclusion that it is better to kill one person out of the ten because it will benefit the other nine people. On the contrary, the deontologists say that killing a people is morally inappropriate and against the ethics. The arguments that utilitarian has against deontology are that it is an ethical system assigned to the philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. According to them the morally ethical things are done to increase happiness in the society. They believe in the prediction of outcomes and that actions are judged on the basis f outcomes. They are sometimes related to the phrase, the ends justify the means. Deontology contradicts utilitarian as it is assigned to the philosopher Immanuel Kant. Deontology, unlike utilitarian, focuses that the actions must be morally ethical. They believe that there are certain universally acclaimed ethical norms. There might be some actions which can be considered as immoral in spite of their outcomes. It is the nature of human beings to judge the appropriateness of their actions based on rationale, as mentioned by Kant. The phrase, the means must justify the needs, classify the deontologists. Ethical analysis using an integrated approach Cyber Stuff Company has hired Max Consulting, a consulting business company of Max, to analyze bids from different software developer and select the appropriate one. Max selected the bid written by his wife who works in Networksx as a bidding software developer. Max is in a dilemma if he should disclose the fact to Cyber Stuff that the selected bid is written by his wife as he is not sure about the resulting impact. The relevant facts are- Max has a small consulting business company. He got hired by a company to select the correct bid. He chose the bid written by his wife who works in a bidding software developer company. He is in a dilemma if this fact should be told to the company who hired him. He is afraid that it might have a negative impact on the company. This effect can hamper the growth of his small business. In Maxs dilemma the Utilitarian approach will be used as it takes into account the resulting outcome. If Max discloses the fact that the selected bid has been written by his wife then it can have drastic impact on his business. As it is a small consulting business, this kind of an outcome can hamper the growth of his business. It needs struggle to attain a positive outcome at the fullest without causing any harm or suffering to the company. In utilitarianism, it is believed that the aim of morality is to improve life by increasing happiness and decreasing unhappiness. So to address Maxs dilemma it can be suggested to him that the fact should be kept hidden until and unless it is hampering the reputation of his company. As the bid has already been submitted, there is a high chance that after knowing the truth, Cyber stuff might reject the bid which will hamper Maxs future business. Ethical analysis using ACS Code of Professional Conduct According to the ACS code of professional conduct, Maxs dilemma can be analyzed as he kept his personal interests before his professional interests. He wanted to keep the truth hidden to the company who has hired him and that is totally unethical. There can be question about honesty which he failed to show in front of Cyber Stuff. There was no transparency in the work that was assigned to him, which should be a major factor in the professional view- point. On the basis of this analysis, Max can be recommended to confess the fact at the time when he was assigned with the task by the Cyber Staff Company. He could have directly told the company that is unable to do the task instead of getting the work done by his wife and keeping it a secret. This would have kept him clear on a professional stand point. If he is given the same kind of task again then he will again be a victim of immoral action. He will take the support of dishonesty which goes against the ACS code of ethics. The two recommendations are in contrast to each other. In the integrated approach, Max was recommended to keep the truth hidden from others for the sake of his company. This could have saved him temporarily but his future of business could be at stake. In this week, the recommendation is made on the basis of ACS code of ethics. Rejecting the offer could have hampered only his present situation but the future of his business could be secured as a result of his honesty. Selecting his wifes bid limited the options which he could have got if he went out in search of other bids as well. Maxs existence in the professional field depends on his professional behavior. If he does not abide by the set rules, it will hamper his business. Planning a written document The five point planning framework that I have used in this assignment is to determine an overall vision. The importance of ethics and morality in personal as well as professional life are elucidated through this assignment. The assignment is done with a purpose to open the window for an individual regarding the norms of the society and how to lead a happy life. To achieve something important in life one must set a goal and objective and work accordingly. The way to decide if the goals are attained or not, one needs to assess his individual performance. When all the four factors are in the grip, it is time to take action thus, completing the circle of five point planning framework. This source has helped to write a report on the topic of professional practice in IT. This article has made it clear what are standards of conduct required to sustain in the IT sector. This study has a combination of interviews conducted in a particular IT sector. This is a new sector and do not necessarily require to be adhered with any particular code of ethics. Interview of the IT professionals who had a copy of the code of ethics showed if it has any impact on their responses. The responses were compared to analyze the outcome. The outcome showed striking similarities between the responses of the groups of interviewees and to the set benchmark as well. Emotionally intelligent communicating Communication skill has a great impact on relationship. By clear and direct use of language many problems, needs and outcome can be addressed. Active listening is the skill which allows an individual to focus on what others are saying and then give an appropriate reply. Assertive communication makes the person aware of their own emotion as well as others, they express those feelings directly and approach collaborative interaction. The practice of speaking in between without listening to the other person should be avoided. This increases the chance of miscommunication and misunderstanding. If one person is not allowed to complete his speech then there might be something incomplete and important missed in it. Reverting back without listening to the important part is considered as bad and unethical in a professional field. Communication skills can be improved by listening and understanding what the other person is trying to say. An empathy for the other person should arise which will satisfy the needs. The feelings should be shared with the partner. Also, to avoid conflict in the individual should pay attention to what he can do in solving the issue. Apologizing also helps in effective communication. Reference Warren, M., Warren, M., Lucas, R., Lucas, R. (2016). Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2), 167-169. Leicester, N. (2016). Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Albee, E. (2014).A history of English utilitarianism(Vol. 1). Routledge. Alon, S., Lehrer, E. (2017). Subjective Utilitarianism: Decisions in a social context. Piacquadio, P. G. (2017). A Fairness Justification of Utilitarianism.Econometrica,85(4), 1261-1276. Rousseau, J. J. (2013). Ethics and deontology in public administration. Sacco, D. F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C. J., Hugenberg, K. (2017). The adaptive utility of deontology: deontological moral decision-making fosters perceptions of trust and likeability.Evolutionary Psychological Science,3(2), 125-132. Reeves, S., Perrier, L., Goldman, J., Freeth, D., Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (update).The Cochrane Library. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2016). Scope of practice in speech-language pathology.

Sons and Lovers A Psychoanalytic Reading

The ancient Greek play Oedipus the King, written by the playwright Sophocles, premiered over 12 centuries ago, yet the grisly tale of the character Oedipus permeates modern culture, thanks largely to the influence of Sigmund Freud, the godfather of psychoanalytic theory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sons and Lovers: A Psychoanalytic Reading specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Locked into a fatalistic trajectory prophesied by the all-powerful oracle so central to Greek tragedy, hapless Oedipus inadvertently murders his father Laius, marries his mother, Jocasta, and then sires two children by her, Antigone and Ismene, who become his half-sisters as well as his daughters. In The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud posited that Oedipus the King retained its power over the centuries on account of â€Å"the peculiar nature of the material by which the conflict is revealed†1. Sigmund Freud concluded that the fate of the play’s protagonist Oedipus maintained its resonance with modern audiences because â€Å"there must be a voice within us which is prepared to acknowledge the compelling power of fate†2. Much of Sigmund Freud’s theory rests on the assumption that unconscious drives and impulses govern the bulk of human activity; thus Greek fatalism fits neatly into the Freudian model. Sigmund Freud understood that there was â€Å"actually a motive in the story of King Oedipus which explains the verdict of this inner voice. His fate moves us only because it might have been our own, because the oracle laid upon us before our birth the very curse which rested upon him. It may be that we were all destined to direct our first sexual impulses toward our mothers, and our first impulses of hatred and violence toward our fathers†3. Sigmund Freud understood the compelling nature of the story of Oedipus across the millennia to rest on the truth that it revealed about the à ¢â‚¬Å"primitive wish of our childhood†4. In the mind of the famous neurologist, in Oedipus the King, Sophocles successfully brings â€Å"the guilt of Oedipus to light by his investigation, [and]†¦ forces us to become aware of our own inner selves, in which the same impulses are still extant, even though they are suppressed†5. The novel Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence analyzes the three strongest female relationships in the protagonist Paul Morel’s life: his girlfriend Miriam, his lover Clara and his mother Gertrude. Contemporary critics and readers alike typically view the relationship between Paul and Gertrude Morel as the quintessential representation of the Oedipus complex in the modern fiction canon.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Numerous critics claim that the novel succinctly and purposefully elucidated the theory that dominated the 20th cent ury. Kenneth Roxworth argues that â€Å"there is ample evidence that Western European civilization is specifically the culture of the Oedipus Complex†6. This essay offers a psychoanalytic reading of the novel Sons and Lovers and addresses the psychological needs of Paul and Gertrude Morel – both conscious and unconscious – and examines how the dynamics of their relationship mirror Sigmund Freud’s theory. Critic Anthony Burgess conjures Sigmund Freud when he suggests that â€Å"Lawrence was the first literary artist to emphasize the huge importance of sex as a means of human fulfillment [and] what makes Lawrence†¦an essentially modern, if not modernist, novelist is his awareness of the sexual impulse as an aspect of nature†7. Sigmund Freud argued that both Sophocles and D.H. Lawrence understood the desire to murder one’s father and copulate with one’s mother as an aspect of the human psyche; yet each writer treated the awareness o f that desire and the consequences of its realization â€Å"with feelings of aversion, so the content†¦must include terror and self-chastisement†8. Thus Sophocles and D.H. Lawrence differed from each other only by their location in time. The dynamic that exists between Paul Morel and his mother Gertrude in Sons in Lovers adheres to Sigmund Freud’s theory in that both characters seem unconscious of the unhealthy pull they have toward each other; their inability to live independently of each other arrests them in an infantile, needy relationship that neither can move on from. Thus they unconsciously thwart each others’ ability to relate normally to other people. Gertrude Morel reveals a detrimental and irrational hatred for Miriam. â€Å"She’s not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him†¦She exults–she exults as she carries him off from me†¦She wants to absorb him. She wants to draw him out an d absorb him till there is nothing left of him, even for himself. He will never be a man on his own feet — she will suck him up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 9. Similarly, Paul cannot spend time with other women without worrying about Gertrude. â€Å"Why did his mother sit at home and suffer?†¦ And why did he hate Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mother suffering, then he hated her — and he easily hated her†10. Paul admits to Gertrude that when he is with Miriam, he thinks only of her. â€Å"No, mother — I really DON’T love her. I talk to her, but I want to come home to you†11. In Sigmund Freud’s words, â€Å"repression in the emotional life of humanity†¦is manifested in the differing treatment of the same material†¦we learn of its existence – as we discover the relevant facts in a neurosis – only through the inhibitory effects which proceed from it†12.Adverti sing We will write a custom essay sample on Sons and Lovers: A Psychoanalytic Reading specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Sons and Lovers, Paul Morel struggles to emotionally commit to a woman other than Gertrude, and inevitably fails. In Sigmund Freud’s reading, Paul Morel’s desire to sexually posses his mother Gertrude is not the problem per se; rather, it is the rejection and suppression of this impulse within him that renders him emotionally impotent. Paul Morel therefore becomes the embodiment of the male stricken by the Oedipus complex, emotionally and psychologically constrained by the â€Å"complex emotional content, rooted in parental love and hate as a child’s dynamics of wishes and anxieties, that brings about in an adult’s life concerns and inhibitions inaccessible to consciousness, but that play an important part in determining†¦intentions, actions and judgments†13. The unconsc ious desire of the mother looking to live vicariously through her offspring is also echoed when Gertrude expresses ownership over Paul’s artistic success. â€Å"There was so much to come out of him. Life for her was rich with promise. She was to see herself fulfilled†¦All his work was hers†14. In a Freudian reading of the relationship between Paul Morel and his mother Gertrude therefore, both characters essentially become prisoners of their own unconscious drives and impulses, which they continually reject, deny and repress. Critics also extend the Oedipus complex to D.H. Lawrence himself and the sexual relationship that existed between Lawrence and his wife Frieda. Anthony Burgess observes that the marriage lived in the same confused emotional and sexual landscape that D.H. Lawrence created in Sons and Lovers. â€Å"Lawrence had nothing of the paternal in him, and he was savage at Frieda’s mourning for the children from whom her elopement had cut her off. She, in turn, mocked Lawrence when, in exile, he was working on Sons and Lovers, writing a skit called Paul Morel, or His Mother’s Darling†15. Many critics claim that this relationship was the inspiration for the central conflict of the novel. Anthony Burgess asserts that in Sons and Lovers, â€Å"the near-incest [the novel] depicts is unfulfilled and hence, unlike the classical Oedipus coupling, sterile†¦Lawrence himself was sterile and later impotent: the marital relationship was †¦essentially a tempestuous duet, a hostile symbiosis that produced nothing except a kind of grand opera without music†16. The complexity of the author’s sexuality lends itself to the Freudian interpretation of his creative expression, particularly in the case of Sons and Lovers.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sons and Lovers by D.H. Lawrence depicts a relationship between the protagonist Paul Morel and his mother Gertrude that embodies the Oedipus complex popularized by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. The novel lends itself well to the Freudian dynamic of repression, guilt, aversion and emotional paralysis which result when unconscious drives are not acknowledged, accepted and assimilated into the larger whole of the adult’s self concept. In the words of Anthony Burgess, Sons and Lovers â€Å"is the more profound in presenting the pains of sexual initiation, not the assured loves of the mature, with the chains of maternal possession rattling on every page†17. The novel ably demonstrates the arrested quality of life that suppressed desire engenders in human beings. Similar to the ancient play that Sigmund Freud derived the theory from, Paul and Gertrude cannot escape each other and their seemingly intertwined fates. Reference List Burgess, A, ‘Sons and Lovers’, Atl antic, October 1992, pp. 116-117, retrieved Literature Resource Center database. Erwin, E, The Freud Encyclopedia: Theory, Therapy and Culture, Taylor Francis, London, 2002. Freud, S, The Interpretation of Dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971. Lawrence, D.H., Sons and Lovers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992. Rexroth, K, â€Å"Introduction: D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems, New Directions, pp. 1-23, 1947, retrieved Literature Resource Center database. Footnotes 1 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 174. 2 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 174. 3 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 174. 4 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 174. 5 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 174. 6 Rexroth, K, Introduction: D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems, New Directions, 1947, retrieved Literature Resource Center database, pp. 11. 7 Burgess, A, ‘Sons and Lovers’, Atlantic, October 1992, retrieved Literature Resource Center database, pp. 116. 8 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 175. 9 Lawrence, D.H., Sons and Lovers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, pp. 364. 10 Lawrence, D.H., Sons and Lovers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, pp. 365. 11 Lawrence, D.H., Sons and Lovers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, pp. 405. 12 Freud, S, The interpretation of dreams, Taylor Francis, London, 1971, pp. 175. 13 Erwin, E, The Freud Encyclopedia: Theory, Therapy and Culture, Taylor Francis, London, 2002, pp. 397. 14 Lawrence, D.H., Sons and Lovers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, pp. 347. 15 Burgess, A, ‘Sons and Lovers’, Atlantic, October 1992, retrieved Literature Resource Center database, pp. 116. 16 Burgess, A, ‘Sons and Lovers’, Atlantic, October 1992, retrieved Literat ure Resource Center database, pp. 116. 17 Burgess, A, ‘Sons and Lovers’, Atlantic, October 1992, retrieved Literature Resource Center database, pp. 117. 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